Medronho has also made significant contributions to the study of health inequalities. He has conducted research on the social determinants of health and has highlighted the need to address the root causes of health disparities. His work has emphasized the importance of considering the social and economic context in which people live and work when developing public health policies and interventions.

Medronho has written extensively on epidemiology, and his book, "Epidemiologia," (in Portuguese) is a comprehensive textbook on the subject. The book, which is now in its second edition, provides an in-depth overview of epidemiological principles and methods, including study design, data analysis, and interpretation of results.

Roberto Medronho was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1949. He studied medicine at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, graduating in 1974. After completing his medical degree, Medronho went on to pursue a master's degree in epidemiology at the University of California, Berkeley, which he completed in 1978. He then earned his Ph.D. in epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University in 1982.