In the 1970s, "political cinema" was a genre. Directors like K. G. George probed the feudal hangovers of the Nair community ( Kodiyettam , 1977). The 2000s saw a resurgence of this with the arrival of filmmakers like Ranjith, whose Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (2009) was a noir investigation into the practice of Puthumapennu (ritual widow marriage) and caste violence.
The influence of writers like M. T. Vasudevan Nair (MT) is immeasurable. MT, a Jnanpith award-winning author, wrote screenplays for classics like Nirmalyam (1973) and Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989). He brought the grammar of Malayalam literature—the detailed descriptions of mana (traditional homes), the rhythm of village life, and the psychological depth of caste anxiety—into the cinematic form. In the 1970s, "political cinema" was a genre
In the last decade, this has exploded into a new wave of "left-liberal" cinema. Films like Virus (2019), depicting the Nipah outbreak, and Aarkkariyam (2021), about a lockdown murder, use the thriller genre to critique institutional failures. Most notably, Jai Bhim (2021) (a Tamil film with heavy Malayalam production influence) and Nayattu (2021) directly attacked the police-caste nexus. Nayattu was a mainstream chase thriller where the protagonists—cops on the run—were both victims and perpetrators of a brutal system, refusing the audience a clean hero. George probed the feudal hangovers of the Nair
This obsession with authenticity is cultural. Keralites are notoriously critical consumers of art. A misplaced accent, an incorrect depiction of a Onam ritual, or a modern saree in a 1940s setting will be ripped apart in editorial columns and WhatsApp forwards. This pressure has forced Malayalam cinema to develop a rigorous grammar of realism—a culture that values the specific over the generic. In Bollywood, the director or star is king. In Malayalam cinema, the writer is a deity. This stems from Kerala’s deep literary culture, where reading is not a niche hobby but a mass activity. To understand Malayalam cinema
Yet, interestingly, Malayalam cinema has recently reclaimed its mythological roots—but through a modern lens. Aavesham (2024) featured a riotous, campy don-godfather figure who was both a parody and a celebration of the gangster. Films like Bramayugam (2024), a black-and-white folk horror about a shapeshifting feudal lord, used the Yakshi (vampire) mythology to talk about caste slavery.
It is a cinema that often abhors the interval block, celebrates the mundane, and produces thrillers where the climax is a quiet, unresolved conversation. For the past century, Malayalam cinema has not merely entertained the people of Kerala; it has engaged in a constant, often uncomfortable, dialogue with their culture. It acts as a mirror, a morgue, and a manifesto for one of India's most unique socio-political landscapes. To understand Malayalam cinema, one must understand Kerala . The state boasts the highest literacy rate in India, a matrilineal history in certain communities, the first democratically elected Communist government in the world (1957), and a unique tapestry of religious coexistence (Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism have thrived here for centuries).